"Pink eye" is a generic term used for red eyes of varying causes. Bacteria, viruses, allergies, chemicals, and even acute glaucoma attacks can cause red eyes.
    Diagnosis over the phone is inappropriate since the only way to be sure of the cause, and select the appropriate treatment, is to be examined under a special microscope to observe tissue changes.

    Once an appropriate diagnosis has been made, treatment can begin. This may include antibiotics for bacterial conjunctivitis. Antibiotics will have no effect on a virus, although they are sometimes used to prevent secondary infections. Both viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are contagious and frequent hand washing is advised to reduce the chance of infecting others. In addition patients are cautioned to avoid sharing towels or other personal items.
    Not all conjunctivitis is contagious. Allergic conjunctivitis, usually accompanied by intense itching, is best treated with anti-inflammatory medications or anti-allergy drugs including anti-histamines.
    Household chemicals can cause eye irritation. Drain cleaner in particular can cause serious damage if not rinsed thoroughly and treated promptly.
    Iritis is a more painful red eye which may also benefit by anti-inflammatory medication. Sometimes this type of red eye relates to underlying systemic causes and referral to other health care practitioners is made.
    Acute glaucoma can lead to blindness in 48 hours without treatment.

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